Function of Art

Function of Art Art connects people by offering an idea they can relate to. It is important as it helps to improve and learn in areas of communication, expression, and historical understanding. Another reason art is important is its interwoven relationship with culture on the basis that culture is articulated and influenced by art. It is a way to communicate and express ones thoughts and dreams through cinema, dance, literature, music, painting, sculpture, and theater. As a child I grew up in the Bay Area and was introduced to art at a very young age.I was very fortunate to be exposed to several types of art forms from going to the San Francisco ballet, the de Young Museum, the Curran or Orpheum Theater, and San Francisco Symphony. Even though I was introduced to art at a young age I did not come to fully appreciate art until much later in life. From kindergarten to fourth grade I took ballet. From fifth grade thru high school I was involved in music, theatre, and art through differe nt mediums such as painting, clay, and wire. I tend to lean toward art in the form of painting or theatre for inspiration.The artist that stands out is Jackson Pollock, an American painter whose form of painting is referred to as abstract expressionism. Jackson Pollock’s art conveys the mindset of Abstract Expressionism. The painting has a life of its own. Pollock’s paintings are a spirited technique of pouring and dripping paint onto a canvas on the floor. It has been said that Pollock is more at ease working on the floor as he feels closer to his painting literally seeing it from every side becoming one with the painting. Pollock’s painting aborts traditional composition and lacks a fundamental motif.His works stimulates the viewer’s peripheral vision thus one’s eyes are continuously moving. I am fascinated by his work, and can attain creative and inspiration from his paintings. Theatre stimulates creativity in problem solving and challenges perc eptions about the world and about one’s self. It provides an outlet for emotions, thoughts, and dreams and if only for a few moments explore a new role or understand problems faced by figures of literature or historical. Theatre is at the center of is communication.Like any arts theatre allows us to communicate and understand others in new and different ways. In today's increasingly information-centered world theatre provides guidance in the practical characteristics of communication. Participating in theatre made it easy for me to speak in public, be more persuasive both in oral and written communications and able to put myself into someone else’s shoes. It also made me a more positive, confident and discipline. Through theatre I learn to cooperate, work together, contribute, collaborative, listen and accept the viewpoints of others.Theatre is an important tool for preparing one to live and work in a world that is increasingly team-oriented rather than hierarchical. I have researched the subject of art serving a societal purpose. Art bring awareness to humanities by means of presenting truths that cannot be articulated in another way. Art connects a society by offering an idea most can relate to. Philosophies that come from art lead to an enriched society, as long as we take action based on the values seen in art. Art can inspire sympathetic but reveal misconceptions, which are parts of the human experience as related in society.Perception can be a beneficial as one gains a better understanding of their place in society and about society as a whole. If the individual puts this new understanding into practice society will profit. Although I have some background in the arts, I would like to further my learning and discover more areas, such as music, cinema, and dance. I find value in painting as it helps develop insightful meaning and entice creativity in me. Theatre has helped me to develop an understanding for the world and the physical elements within it.Finally, art should be viewed as serving a purpose to society an important aspect that connects people by offering an idea that people can relate to. If the people act upon their artistic ideas society can better Because of this art should not exist solely for its own sake. Art is a drive to communicate an interpretive way, not bound by status quo. It is a sign of evolving society. Art is a way to express inner thoughts and feelings that words cannot. It is an emotional and physical outlet with symbols and meaning for us to interpret. Art is this and more, and its function is to expand communication on higher levels of thinking.

Difference Between Counselling and Mentoring

Mentoring are both to do with helping people to develop. Counseling helps people to develop with the emotional concern in a safe and trusting relationship. For example, one of the staff In the Restaurant that I work In was worried about his father being ill in India. He wanted to go and see his father to see how he was progressing with medical treatment. He was also worried that his father is old at the age of 85 and that he might die.He was also worried whether they had enough money in India to look after his father well. So all the staff supported him by counseling and asking him questions about his father and his family in India. We asked him whether he had enough money to send to India for his father's treatment. We asked him whether he had enough money to pay for the trip to India. We asked him which hospital his father was in and Is It a good hospital. We asked him what kind of treatment his father Is getting.We asked him whether can afford to take time off work to evils India. According professional counselors, counseling is about asking questions and not serially giving answers or making suggestions. For example, if we were to suggest that he go to India tomorrow and then find out that his father recovers fairly quickly, our friend may feel that his Journey was waste of time and when he was to come back he might blame us for him loosing two weeks pay from work and also for wasting money on the trip.That's why when counseling we don't make suggestions but let the person decide for themselves as what they should do about the problem. This makes sure that they are responsible for their decisions and consequences. Mentoring Mentoring allows a person to turn to another more experienced person on a regular basis to develop their own skills and ability In the work place.For example, when I started working in the restaurant I had no idea how to work as a waiter, so I was told by the management that I could talk to a colleague who had been a waiter for three yea rs in India and ELK. He explained to me what a good waiter does and how he treats the customer. Mentoring encourages a person to do what's right for them. For example, my mentor told me that the customer is very important, so I decided make sure that I talk to the customers about curries, about India and about News stories.I want them feel they are my friends and that I know them as a friend. For me mentoring provided regular time to talk to my mentor and discuss new ways work shift I usually have a discussion with my mentor about how I worked each right. I feel safe to discuss things to do with developing the business with my mentor rather than with my manager. My mentor and I have developed a relationship which helps me with my professional development through support and understanding. My mentor and I have become more like friends at the work.

Teaching Care Plan for Nursing

Teaching Care Plan for Nursing Identify if article has a review of literature. Yes, This article definitely has a review of literature, it is a compilation from a lot of information the author studied and applied to the specific topic she was addressing. Determine the purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to make medical professionals aware of the signs and symptoms of depression in older adults. It was to establish a less biased approach to evaluating the mood of each client rather than always assuming that it is normal and expected for an older adult to be sad or withdrawn.It was to identify and acknowledge the screening and treatment tools available to healthcare professionals to promote their use in daily clinical settings. Identify population used in study. The populations used in the study were men and female ages 65 and older Identify method used in study. Methods used in the studies were mainly collecting data and utilizing the research to answer the question. Also randomized clinical trials. Determine the findings of study. The study found that older adults have multiple benefits from being treated for their depression rather than summing it up to old age. You can read also Coronary Artery Disease Nursing Care PlanDepression in older adults was associated with cardiovascular disease due to its association with decreased physical activity. It also showed correlation with depression and unhealthy diet, which also leads to, increased prevalence of diabetes and other obesity co-morbidities. The study seemed to solidify the benefits of treating the older adults; it showed that the patients that were treated for their depression found higher rates of medication compliance, less depression specific caregiver burden. Describe the information in your article can be implemented into your nursing practice.The information in the article really seemed can be applied to all areas of our nursing practice. We can implement many of the tools mentioned in the article. Also, it gave a lot of important information on how to identify depression that can be used in all age groups. I think that the identification of the comorbidities of depression really mak es the evaluation of moods much more practical and essential in our physical assessment. I think it also helped to open up my mind to the challenges older adults face. Provide your rationale for using the information in nursing practice?The information is essential in nursing practice because having a patient that is sad or withdrawn will likely cause them to be less of advocates for themselves when it comes to their healthcare, they may not bother reporting symptoms or stop taking medication because they do not want to go to the store. It can actually cause a complete loss of the patient in the health care system. It is very critical information. How would the use of this information improve patient care (outcomes)? Utilizing this information in nursing practice would greatly improve patient care because it would really improve the nurse’s holistic approach to patient care.Nurses strive to provide very patient centered care but being so busy and having preconceived judgments of certain age groups does hinder our holistic nursing approach. Many times we are too busy and will just treat the problem or what we are there to treat and just ignore the sad or depressed look on the patients face when we should be understanding that if the patient is depressed, we may fix them up and send them home only to have them come back due to non compliance or lack of concern for themselves.

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Analysis - Essay Example We can draw such a conclusion because he is asking his wife if she is reading the letter while in his mom’s presence. This can be found in the beginning of the song, when he sings â€Å""If youre reading this and my mamas sitting there†¦" The soldier hopes that his family will read his letter, so they can know about what has happened to him, as well as receive reassurance and encouragement to go on. The diction that Tim McGraw uses in his song portrays two different tones. The tones are of sadness, as well as encouragement. The words that he uses to portray sadness is when he is talking about how he will not be able to give his wife another kiss and how he cannot be there to witness the birth of his little girl. He also talks about how he will no longer be there to spend the rest of his life with her. Though he has told her this, she gives his wife encouragement. He tells her that it is okay to move on and be with someone else. He offers reassurance to his wife and his family that he is okay up in heaven and is at peace. NO longer is he being tormented by war. NO longer is he hurting. In addition to the point of view diction that Tim McGraw uses to get his strong and powerful message across to his listeners, he also uses allusions to speak of the dead soldier’s spiritual state. For instance, Tim McGraw makes a reference to the child’s prayer by singing â€Å"Now I lay me down† meaning that he is talking to God, and his family should also do the same. The reference to this prayer can also mean that he is resting in peace, no longer suffering from the ravages of war. Tim McGraw also makes references to heaven, as his song contains a line that states that he is with God watching down on his wife, his family, and his unborn baby girl. Finally, Tim McGraw references the Christian hymn, Amazing Grace. This reference is to pain the picture how powerful the Christian hope is and how it can get one through the trials of losing someone. Furthermore, it provides

Evidence based nursing coaching style management Article

Evidence based nursing coaching style management - Article Example This inadvertently has a number of employment policy implications. Replacing and recruiting people to make up for the older nurses who are near retirement age is infact a very significant problem for the health sector. Nursing itself is comprised of several smaller sub-divisons and there is much evidence to reveal that the ratio of the nursing work force is not equally divided within these sub groups. Careful analysis reveals that prison services, the armed forces, local authorities, occupational health nursing and emergency health services are some of the divisons that do not suffer from a shortfall with respect to the workforce number. Interestingly nursing homes for the elderly are increasingly being seen as having fewer and fewer trained nurse practitioners and in many cases even trained personnel. The reason for this anomalous distribution remains largely unclear and it is a problem the health sector is now grappling with. The UK nursing work force in particular provides a very complete picture in this respect. (Buchan 1999). It is a problem which infact has become the subject of much research and study over the last decade. Demographics reveal that the UK population in general is ageing, and the nursing workforce in the region is no exception. It is a growing population with a greater number of elderly people, which is ensured by advances in medical practice and technology which has resulted in increased life span of the population. Consequently a growing challenge for the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK is providing adequate nursing facility for its population. The key element of effective nursing coaching in the present scenario is to develop appropriate workforce planning mechanisms that take into account the supply and demand for nursing staff. Quite evidently these should take into account the demographics (i.e the age and type) of the client population and the workforce, and aim to reach a balance of demand and supply as may be the requirement of the market. Infact it can be safely said that the continued prevalence of the shortage of nursing workforce over the past decade could be considered a result of some shortcoming the coaching style for nurses. Both as educators or as nurse practitioners we need to look at the plausible shortcoming of the present coaching style since it is obviously unable to adequately address this problem! Some of the major reasons for people taking up nursing as a career option are because of the opportunities to care for people, to gain some autonomy at the work place and also to be fairly rewarded both financially and emotionally (Irvine and Evans 1995). This has to be taken into account for future training strategies in nursing if the present shortage particularly in geriatric (old age) wards is to be addressed. Coaching styles have to focus on increasing motivation for and clearly elucidating the potential incentives of nursing in general and geriatric nursing in particular. Intervention strategies Nursing and midwifery have traditionally relied on a fairly narrow defined group of school leavers (predominantly female) for recruitment purposes. This population in general is less inclined to work with the elderly population to begin with. In addition geriatric nursing does

Ohio's Wetlands Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ohio's Wetlands - Term Paper Example Some of the swamps of Ohio are the Slate Run Metropark, Wilson Swamp, and, the Scofield Swamp that is well-known for its seasonal flora like â€Å"white water-cup† and â€Å"pigweed† which are scientifically known as â€Å"Ranunculus longirostris Godron† and â€Å"Amaranthus hybridus† respectively growing in winter and summer. The bogs of Ohio are swallow wetlands that are comparatively cold than other swamps and have a number of water-weeds like â€Å"floating sphagnum mat, swamp loosestrife†¦leatherleaf†¦and tamarack† (EPA, n.d.). Ohio’s most famous bog is â€Å"Triangle Lake Bog†. The Sheldons Marsh in Ohio is a â€Å"lagoon wetland and swamp forest that has developed behind a narrow barrier beach† and it is enriched with a number of fauna such as â€Å"waterfowl and migratory songbird habitat during the spring and fall migrations† (EPA). Ohio’s vernal pools are wetlands, small in size, that are locate d in the â€Å"Drew woods† and â€Å"Gahanna Woods†. It is reported in a fact sheet, prepared by the â€Å"State of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency† (2007), that the wetlands of Ohio â€Å"provide a haven for rare and endangered plants, and one-third of the all endangered species depend on wetlands for survival. Many wetlands are important fish spawning and nursery areas, as well as nesting, resting and feeding areas for waterfowl.† (p.1) The wetlands and the Marshes of Ohio have a long history and have undergone significant changes due to the hostility of men. It has affected the environment of the area while destroying the reserve of flora and fauna. Indeed majority of the wetlands of the Ohio State â€Å"were drained and filled to make way for farms, roadways, houses and other development† (ONDR, n.d.). With the progress of industrial civilizations, a large portion of the wetlands in the state has disappeared. The Ohio Department of Natural Resource reports that â€Å"nearly

International Arbitration Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Arbitration - Dissertation Example The Second Chapter deals with the research methodology adopted in this work. A doctrinal approach was followed in this research work. The Third chapter provides a Literature Review. In this chapter, many case studies were included to examine the effectiveness of investment arbitration. Moreover, scholarly reports and extant literature on the topic were scrutinised. The Fourth Chapter deals with a discussion of the findings and the fifth chapter deals with conclusions. Ambiguity in the interpretation of the treaty provisions, lack of expertise in ministries in case of developing countries, bias on the part of the arbitrator are some of the reasons identified for the lack of success of investment arbitration. Shortcomings with International Investment Arbitration Chapter 1 – Introduction Investment treaty arbitration is significantly different from other types of arbitration. In investment arbitration, the arbitrator is empowered to make decisions that are final. This type of ar bitration brings to the fore a number of issues relating to impartiality and independence. In the other types of arbitration, the final decision is taken by the court.1 As is well known, the courts enjoy independence from private and state power. Such independence is promoted by providing judges with a secure tenure, precluding outside remuneration and the adoption of an objective procedure of assigning cases. These factors are conspicuous by their absence in investment arbitration. As a consequence, it is not uncommon for these arbitral awards to be influenced by inappropriate factors. 2 These safeguards do not find a place in investment treaty arbitration. A class of inappropriate influences is that related to the career and financial interests of arbitrators. These arbitrators do not have secure tenure and engage in remunerative activities that are external to their role as adjudicators. 3 The independence and impartiality of the investment arbitral process is crucially dependent on the existence of openness. In the absence of transparency, it become difficult if not impossible to confirm the integrity and fairness of the decision making process. 4 Arbitrations related to investment treaties emerge from bilateral and multilateral treaties formed between countries to promote foreign investment. In general, such treaties incorporate provisions for settling disputes between a private foreign investor and the host nation by arbitration, under public international law. 5 Contemporary international arbitration is widely believed to have commenced with the Jay Treaty of 1974. This treaty was entered into by the US and Great Britain. Private international arbitration had not developed during that epoch and there was a predominance of international arbitral commissions.6 Subsequently there was an increase in instances of private international commercial arbitration. However, this system of arbitration has not yet developed to any significant extent. Wider acceptance of this method of dispute resolution could render it more transparent. Such arbitration views confidentiality as a significant feature of the dispute resolution. Accordingly, if the parties are in favour of keeping their dispute resolution confidential, then they have to incorporate relevant clauses in their arbitration contract. 7 Another method of ensuring confidentiality is to make a reference in

(whatever you want) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(whatever you want) - Essay Example Because life will be less stressful, thanks to reduced traffic and a more pleasurable work environment, people will be much healthier when they reach retirement age than people in my parents’ generation. I will be able to stay active through most of my life, so when I don’t have to work at all anymore, I will still be in good shape to do things like wind surfing and skiing. Also, health will be improved if the country really turns to more green energy alternatives and the environment gets cleaned up. Less pollution in the air means we will have fewer cases of cancer and lung disease. People will be able to live much longer lives, particularly as medical knowledge and technology continues to be improved. In recent years, doctors have been taking a more holistic approach to medicine and this trend will probably continue so that a lot more will be known about human health by the time I retire. Since everyone will be living longer, either because they are able to stay healthier through most of their lives, because greater advances are made in medicine or because people won’t be as stressed out all the time, the demographic group will be very large. This may end up putting too much strain on the economy to try to maintain such a large population of retired people. For this reason, people like me who will probably be in better shape and still capable of working, might be expected to work much longer than the traditional retirement age of 65. This will probably be particularly true in fields like what I plan to go into, where work can be done from remote locations if necessary. Also, if the government decides to depend on nuclear power as a means of replacing fossil fuels, there will be a much greater chance that a dangerous accident might happen and make the atmosphere entirely toxic to people. Between that and the way that small and aggressive countries

Term paper on one of the following Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On one of the following - Term Paper Example In 1945, she was chosen by Hitler as his assistant. She had been typing his speeches, correspondence including his private testament and last will. In this book, she described how she was blinded by her boss’ activities because of his fatherly approach. Details of her luxurious life as a secretary were also included. In 1943, she married Junge, one of Hitler’s military orderlies. However, they were not married for long because Junge was killed in a combat during the war. As Germany began losing in the war, Hitler expressed he would not want to surrender to the Russian army. Thus he thought of cyanide poisoning as a better way to end his life. Towards the end of the book, Hitler shot himself in the temple with cyanide in his teeth. Traudl was later captured by Soviet armies but was never charged. Why would Hitler with such a stern character end his life that way? I cannot tell you the reason why but I will tell you what I like about the book. First, Traudle gave her readers something to ponder about Hitler especially when she mentioned the other side of his personality. Known for his tyrannical approach who killed directly or indirectly almost 30,000,000 people to pursue his cause, he has the charm and kind personality after all which is unknown to many. This was evident when Traudl mentioned he served as the father figure despite being her secretary. The father –daughter relationship was felt precisely because Hitler spent quality time with her during work and outside her work. Aside from this, Traudle also mentioned her conversations with Hitler which is unusual for leaders to have chats with their secretaries most often. Traudl mentioned that life could be boring without work because precisely she will not have a talk with Hitler. She came to realize that she misse s the monologues every night with Hitler. Perhaps, there is kindness on

Plot Summary Essay Example for Free

Plot Summary Essay The play is set in the Dublin slums or tenements in the years of the Iris Civil War 1922 and 1923. The whole play centers on the Boyle family. Juno Boyle is married to Boyle who calls himself Captain Boyle. Boyle is a useless and irresponsible drunkard who shuns the reality of work at every stage in the play, and spends his time in the pub drinking with his friend Joxer Daly. The Boyles have two children Johnny and Mary. Johnny is a sickly individual who has been involved in the Republican movement but he ended up betraying a comrade by the name of Tancred. Johnny spends his days locked up in the house fearful of his life. His mother Juno is a selfless character who is concerned all the time about other people. Juno’s daughter Mary is deeply concerned about appearances. She is a shallow character who seems to judge people and things from the outside. When we meet her at the beginning of the play, we learn she is on strike because of the dismissal of a young girl called Jenny Claffey. Yet we are told from Juno how Mary never had a good word to say about Jenny Claffey in her whole life. The family are told that they will inherit money from a distant relative who has died. Bentham is the solicitor who informs them of this fact. He begins to have a relationship with Mary and she becomes pregnant. Bentham shortly after this abandons her. The Boyles begin to borrow money and accumulate a great deal of debts. The legacy never materializes, and the Boyles are forced to return the borrowed goods. Johnny is dragged off to be shot for the betrayal of Tancred. Juno finally realizes that Boyle will never take on his responsibilities as father and breadwinner and so she leaves him and sets up home with Mary. Themes/Issues Poverty This theme dominates the play at every level. The whole play highlights the cruel irony that while many people were fighting for ideals and principles there were others who were suffering from the debilitating effects of the poverty. Because of the negative effects generated by poverty escapism assumes a major and dramatic element in the lives of characters. Mary’s tragic situation occurs because of poverty. When it becomes clear that the Boyles will not inherit any legacy, Bentham disappears forever abandoning Mary alone to have her baby. Jerry Devine standards of what are essential features in a husband are set out in terms of money. At one stage he tells Mary how the job is worth 3 50. Juno who is the only character rooted in the harsh practical everyday world of necessity realizes that money, hard work, and responsible social commitment are stronger and more realistic values in this world than principles and ideals. Her pragmatic stance on how principles won’t pay butchers is in striking contrast to the incessant evasion from reality inherent in all of the other characters. Religion The theme of Religion is also a dominant feature in the play. The play is set against a strong Catholic background. O Casey makes frequent use of images of Our Lady and the votive light to project an air of realism and authenticity in the play. There are also a variety of different religions, and attitudes expressed throughout the play. One of O Casey’s chief mottos in the play seems to show the co- existence of strong religious convictions, together with a sincere and humane commitment to one’s fellowman. Juno’s faith is sincere, authentic, and traditional. She believes on Johnny’s death that God can do nothing against the stupidity of men, that her husband should be praying novenas for a job, and that what Ireland needs is more piety. On the other hand, Bentham espouses a religion by the name of Theosophy. This is projected as vague and abstract and certainly seems to be compatible with his own shallow commitment to people. Reality and Fantasy The play dramatizes the conflict between the dream world and the world of reality and shows what happens when a character is stripped of his illusions and forced to face reality. Boyle the ‘poseur’ or Paycock struts throughout the world of the play on a false and imaginary sense of his own self- importance. His whole life and career consist in fabricating dreams of his gallant years as a captain fighting heroic feats and sailing the oceans of the world. The news of the legacy provides another outlet to Boyle’s habitual evasion of reality, he sees himself as a potential investor on the Stock Exchange. His whole life is a lie. His pains, which are invented for the sake of shirking and avoiding work, become real to him. His refuses to face up to the truth and reality about Bentham and the deception surrounding the news of the will. When reality invades at the conclusion of the play in the form of Mary’s pregnancy and the actual removal of his material possessions, Boyle is unable to cope. His final entrance dramatized in a drunken fragmentary soliloquy is tragic. His habitual escape into fantasy is pathetically expressed through his drunken pose – ‘ Commandant Kelly died†¦. in them arms†¦.. Tell me Volunteer Bullies says he that I died for Ireland’. Mary who represents the younger generation also falls victim to illusion. On her first appearance in the play, she is shown to be on strike for a principle. The oppressive and stifling atmosphere generated by the tenement life forces her to seek escape through Bentham. For her he represents another way of life and values outside the restricting and debilitating atmosphere within the two- roomed tenement. She falls victim to the subtle deception of Bentham’ middle-class gentility. She is blinded by external appearances and ends up a tragic victim of Bentham’s hypocrisy and selfishness At the conclusion of the play, she is forced to return to the reality of the slum life with Juno in spite of all her attempts to escape through learning and books. Answer Juno and the Paycock is a play that was written by Sean OCasey. It is one of the most often performed and highly regarded plays in Ireland. Juno and the Paycock was first staged at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin in 1924. Juno and the Paycock: Tragoi-comedy. Tragi-comedy is a kind of writing in which comedy is hovering on the brinks of tragedy. OCasey’s â€Å"Juno and the Paycock† is a tragi-comedy although, on the whole, it is a serious and somber play having much destruction and violence. But there are a number of comic elements in the play which would not fit into the pattern of a tragedy. On the other hand, as the comic elements do not outweigh the tragic ones, it would be inappropriate to label the play as a comedy. It means there is a co-existence in the play of tragic and comic elements and so, the best course is to treat it as a tragi-comedy. Trade Union. JUNO AND THE PAYCOCK Sean O Casey ACT 1 (in a labour family house, not very well furnished) Johnny and Mary Boyle are siblings and members of a Trade Union. Mary is 22 and Johnny is her younger brother. He was injured at the hip by a bullet and at the arm by a bomb: he is an activist. One of Mary’s friend, Jennie Claffey has been fired so Mary wants to demonstrate (Union Trade). Mrs Boyle doesn’t support those behaviours on the part of her Children. Mrs Tancred son was killed during a an armed fight. The Boyle family is poor and Mrs Boyle borrows money. She doesn’t want her husband to come at home with his friend, Joxer, and to spoil all the coal and the food. Johnny is crippled and relies much on others. Jerry Devine has found a Job for the Captain (Juno’s Husband), but the latter pretends the pain is his legs prevents him from working. Jerry Devine is in Love with Mary, but she hangs out with another guy. Jerry Devine saw them together. Jerry devine is a very polite and a very correct guy. Juno makes Joxer go and goes to work. Then Joxer comes again. He is much afraid of Juno. He and the Captain have a conversation. The captain doesn’t want to work. He doesn’t like clergymen. Then Joxer has a quick leave as Juno comes back with Mary and Mr Bentham (the other guy Mary sees). He is 25 and seems to be rich. He has great news for the captain. Benthan says Ellison of Santry, a relative of John Boyle the captain) is dead and he will receive half of his belongings. Then John Boyle get angry with Jox. Things now goes well between he and his wife though. ACT 2 (two days later + the pace is full of belongings and adornments of all sorts) Boyle is friend again with Jox and spend is money joyfully. As he is rich, he seem to have changed views about clergyman. Father Farell (the one proposing him the job in particular). Charles and Mary seem to appreciate each other much. Boyle and the former are having a conversation. As Bentham speaks about spirits Johnny sees the phantom of Robbie Tancred in the left room. The captain is sometimes called Jack. Mrs madigan (a woman to whom the captain owes a few pounds) comes in. They sing. Then Mrs Tancred is heard in the street, going to the burial of her son. Nugent (tailor + he talked with the captain about his job and the Father) comes and asks them to shut the gramophone down. They all go out except John, to see the burial procession. The mobilizer comes and asks John to take part in a meeting of the militia. ACT 3 (two months later+ same setting) Bentham hasn’t been seen for a month. He has given up on Mary. Mrs Boyle brings her to the doctor’s. The captain has borrowed much money to all his neighbours but it seems he won’t get it. Nugent, the tailor comes and takes back a suit he had made for Jack. Mrs Madigan, who wants to be repaid, comes and takes the gramophone for which the captain hasn’t paid yet. The captain and Joxer quarrel about the rumours and the girls come back from the doctror’s. Marry is pregnant, Bentham is the father. Bentham also misinterpreted the will and the Captain won’t have his share. People come to remove the furniture that hasn’t been paid for. Two irregulars (from the militia) take hold of Johnny (called Sean) to take him by force. He is accused of having killed Tancred. One hour later the house is completely empty. Johnny was killed. Two policemen come for Mrs Boyle to check up the corpse. The girls will live together and take care of the baby. Until Mary drops they will live at Juno’s sister. Joxer and Boyle come back completely drunk. Boyle says the whole world is in a state of crisis.

Intellectual Property Statement of Ethics

Intellectual Property Statement of Ethics Akhil Reddy Leburu   Abstract This paper briefly describes about intellectual properties and ethical statements which plays an important role in the society. Intellectual property defines the creativity of a unique skills of an individual. Plagiarism is taking someones work without giving credit to them. This is the most ethical statement that everyone should follow. Keywords: Intellectual property, Plagiarism. Intellectual Property Statement of Ethics Intellectual property is defined creative thinking that is implemented by humans such as images, movies, research etc. Innovators, artists and business owners are granted certain rights to a variety of untouchable assets for the specific period. Intellectual property provides patent to industries, designing, copyrights and for innovative inventions. Intellectual property is an intangible asset to a company; it gives confidence to the business partners and financial institutions to collaborate or to invest with an organization. Intellectual property can be protected by the copyrights, the term original in the copyright law means it is originated with the author so that it protects ones own ideas or creations or inventions (IPOS, 2016). The main purpose of protection of copyrights and related rights is to encourage and reward creative work. Plagiarism Plagiarism is obtaining someones work and not giving back the credit. It can be identified easily and avoided by copyright laws. There are several reasons for plagiarism that include; laziness of the people leads to the stealing of other person ideas and works, people who rush to do things in last minute are meant to do things that would make easier, lack of knowledge on proper citation, various topics availability on internet so that people can easily copy required content in the manner with paraphrasing it that leads to plagiarism, lack of knowledge on understanding the effects of plagiarism and attitude, procrastination are also reasons for plagiarism. It someone copys other information which leads to the loss of their ability to think, knowledge on research work or task and loss of improving their written skills (Plagiarism.org, 2014). Ethical and responsible uses of intellectual property The main purpose of using intellectual property is encouraging people towards learning and to provide opportunity towards new inventions. Intellectual properties can be protected with different tool which include; copyrights, trademarks and patents. Copyrights provides protection to the works of creators such as books, music, songs, films, computer programs, paintings, databases, advertisements, maps and technical diagrams. The patent is only right granted for the innovations. It helps to decide the owner of the patent. So, the owner can have the right to exchange their copyrights in the market. Unethical uses of intellectual property Most of the organization or individual persons used others creations or brand names without taking any permission from authorized persons that leads to destroying of civilization, it cant be used for illegal activities such as creating cultural differences, illness, spread diseases which result in human death and unethical usage of ones intellectual property creates legal issues so that intellectual property should be utilized in specific manners. Many people download the content like music, movies and games etc. from the unknown source without taking from the original sites that affects the people who dedicate their time and money for in making those happen. Four statements of self-best practice I do not just copy and paste the data from any source, I will quote the statement which is referred and name the source. I will use the plagiarism tools that are available online and review the text. I will think in a creative way that is unique from others. I will make a copyright of my work for future purposes. Actions for ethical usage of intellectual property I will share the details of original author while using their writings in prescribed format. I would like to identify the unique work of others and share. Plagiarism tools can help to identify the text format whether it is copied or not. I would like to protect intellectual property to give credit for the authors and to encourage creative thinking. Actions to avoid unethical usage of intellectual property I wouldnt encourage the plagiarism by destroying the rules and regulations which are formed by the university. I wouldnt use intellectual property when writing a paper or for the research work. I wont use un-copyrighted prints or movies to respect of original authors or makers. References Government of United Kingdom. (2014, November 18). Exceptions to copyright. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from www.gov.uk: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/exceptions-to-copyright IPOS. (2016, Sep 21). What is Intellectual Property and what are the different types? Retrieved Jan 27, 2017, from ipos.gov.sg: http://www.ipos.gov.sg/AboutIP/TypesofIPWhatisIntellectualProperty.aspx Plagiarism.org. (2014). WHAT IS PLAGIARISM? Retrieved Jan 27, 2017, from plagiarism.org: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/ WIPO. (2016). What is Intellectual Property? Retrieved Jan 27, 2017, from wipo.int: http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/

Why Women Stay in Violent Relationships Essay -- Relationships Domesti

Why Women Stay in Violent Relationships Most women have at least one dependant who must be taken care of, many are not employed, their parents are either distant or unable or unwilling to help. She may lack the access to cash; she or the children may be in poor health, may face a decline in the living standard for herself and her children. Many older children may resent this decision. She may believe that she will be charged with desertion or losing the children and cash assets if she leaves. Some battered women have an ideology that may include: she does not believe in divorce, marriage is forever,† till death do us part†. They may believe that it is crucial to the children for them to have a mother and a father, no matter how terrible the father is, and she believes that she can put up with anything for the children’s safety. She may be emotionally dependent on the man, having never relied upon herself for the simplest decision. The abuser may have managed to isolate her from her friends and family and she therefore feels that she has no one to turn to. She may feel responsible for his behavior and try to change herself, therefore giving herself a very low self-esteem. Since abuse comes in cycles, she believes that he is basically good and this time he has changed. (23) Battered women understand that there is something wrong with men who alternately hurt them and then nurture them, though they do not know what causes this. They seem to think if they love them enough, give up enough, or submit to enough, that they will somehow be able to change the batterer's behavior. Battered women are trained to accept responsibility for the abuser's outburst. She is trained to make excuses for his imperfections; e.g. if she was a better wife he would not want to hit her. First, let’s define abuse, battering, and psychological abuse. According to West Virginia Sate Law it is defined as: The occurrence of one or more of the following acts between family members who reside together or who formerly resided together: Battering is not just physical aggression. Rather, Battering constitutes the systematic use of violence and the threat of violence in order to control, subjugate, and intimidate women. Without feat, there can be no battering. Psychological Abuse is defined as verbal degradation denial of powers, isolation monopolizing perceptions, occasional in... ... Getting Away With Murder, Raoul Felder and Barbara Victor, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1996 Intimate Abuse, Richard Gelles and Murray Strauss, Transaction Publishers, New Jersey 1990 Keeping the Faith, Guidance for Christian Women Facing Abuse, Marie M. Fortune, 1987. National Crime Center, Crime and Victimization in America, A Statistical Overview, 1995 Rape and Violence Information Center Handbook 1996. Rebecca Eritano, Counselor, Rape and Domestic Violence Information Center conversations held between 1995 and 1997. Roweena Mersing, Advocate, Rape and Domestic Violence Information Center, Conversations held between 1995 through 1997. Stop Domestic Violence, An Action Plan for Saving Lives, Lou Brown, Francios Dubac, and Merritt McKeon, J.D., St. Martin’s Griffin, New York,1997 Terrifying Love, Lenore Walker, Harper and Row, New York, 1989 The Abusive Partner, An Analysis of Domestic Battering, Maria Roy, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York, 1982 Violent Relationships, Information Plus, Wylie, TX 1995 Violent Relationships, Information Plus, Wylie, TX 1997 You Can Be Free, An Easy to Read Handbook for Abused Women, Ginny NiCarthy and Sue Davidson, Seal Press, 1989

A Golden Age for Athens? :: World History Essays

A "Golden Age" for Athens? The 5th century BCE was a period of great development in Ancient Greece, and specifically in Athens. The development of so many cultural achievements within Athens and the Athenian Empire has led scholars to deem this period a "Golden Age." It is true that his period had many achievements, but in the light of the Athenians treatment of women, metics (non-Athenians living in Athens), and slaves it is given to question whether or not the period can truly be called "Golden." The 5th century and the Athenian Empire gave birth to an amazing amount of accomplishments. One such accomplishment was the minting of standard Athenian coins that were used throughout the Athenian holdings as valid for trade. The use of standard Athenian-minted coins helped the Athenians establish and maintain control over their empire by helping to control trade and the economy of the area to the Athenians' benefit. Since Athens regularly received tribute from the states it controlled, Pericles, the leader of Athens, began a building project in Athens that was legendary. Athens had been sacked by the Persians during the Persian Wars and Pericles set out to rebuild the city. The city's walls had already been rebuilt right after the end of the second Persian War so Pericles rebuilt temples, public grounds, and other impressive structures. One of the most famous structures to result from Pericles' building project was the Parthenon. The Parthenon and other such structures re-established Athens's glory and while some Athenians criticized the projects as too lavish, most Athenians enjoyed the benefits of the program. A major benefit to the Athenian people was that there was an abundance of work in the polis. The 5th century BCE was also an important time for Athenian thought. "Sophists," paid teachers, taught rhetoric amongst other subjects to wealthy Athenian citizens. The Sophists were criticized by Athenians who thought that Sophists were destroying Greek tradition by emphasizing rationalism over a belief in superstition, however it was this rationalism that became so important to Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Plato, both who belonged to the 5th century BCE. The Sophists high regard for rhetoric was later of great use to citizen addressing the Assembly in the developing Athenian democracy. Athenian democracy is perhaps considered the crowning achievement of the 5th century BCE. Democracy grew out of the status that poorer Athenians were gaining as rowers for the ships of the large Athenian fleet. Since these poorer Athenians now played a large part in the Athenian military, they ga8ined more say in the Athenian government. This led to a

Impact of Institutional Factors and Election Mechanisms on Voter Turnou

In the 2012 United States Presidential election 58.2 percent of the registered voters turnout out to vote (IDEA). This figure is in stark contrast to many other wealthy democracies in the western world for the same election cycle (IDEA). This begs the question, why is voter turnout significantly lower in the US compared to the rest of the first world and other OECD countries? There are countless factors that could affect voter turnout, the most standard of which are based on socioeconomic status. But when considering only developed nations, more is at play in predicting turnout. Focus is turned to institutional factors and the effect election mechanisms, such as registration laws and party systems, have on political participation. Europe and the United States differ on many key aspects of democratic structure including party systems, registration processes, and voting procedures. These unique institutional factors in the United States place an excessive burden on the public and increases the tangible cost to voting, which discourages political participation. In order to discuss these costs, an understanding of how broader institutional an structural factors influence an individuals participation must be reached. In a general context, political participation is defined as any form of individual engagement with politics, but within the scope of this essay, political participation is narrowed to include only the act of voting (Verba). This can be used to explain why voter turnout in the United States is so low compared to European democracies. By investigating the democratic institutions in Italy, Germany, and France, such a comparison can be made and the institutional effect on voter turnout rate can be investi gated. Final... ...rties in America."  Third World Traveler. Princeton University Press, 1984. Web. 1 May 2014. . Timpone, Richard J. "Structure, Behavior, and Voter Turnout in the United States."  The American Political Science Review  92.1 (1998): 145-58.  JSTOR. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. . Powell, Bingham G., Jr. "American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective."  The American Political Science Review  80.1 (1986): 17-43.  JSTOR. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. . Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Selections (BB) pg. 8-10; 23-24; 37-48. World Economic Outlook Database, April 2014, International Monetary Fund. Updated 8 April 2014. Accessed April 2014.

Financial managing application Essay

Introduction I am making a budget plan and am going to recommend financial managing application for the business as a business manager. The company is named Houzit Pty Ltd, it is a retailer for home wares. It is a growing business. It has 15 stores in Brisbane area. It has 150 staff members. It is registered with ASIC. As per the review of financial structure of this company the report below has been made. 1. The statutory requirements for tax compliances are listed below: * 9% of wages and salaries is to be calculated as superannuation for every quarter * 4.75% is payroll tax of wages and salaries for every quarter * Worker compensation is 2% of salaries and wages for every quarter * For every quarter the company tax is 30% of net profit before taxes. Current Liabilities: GST: Goods and service tax is a value added tax of 10% in most services and goods, it is imposed on most of the transactions but refunded later with certain process. Fringe benefit tax: this tax is applied to most non cash benefits that an employed provides. It is imposed on the employer. Payroll tax: it is a tax paid by employers to government. It is calculated as per the wages and salaries. It is different in different states in Australia. PAYG Withholding: pay as you go withholding is a way of paying ones tax in a year should one be an employee. Income tax: it’s a most important revenue stream in Australia. Income tax is imposed in earnings. 2. * Company must be registered as per the corporation Act 2001 * Tax must be paid regularly 13% of total income. * Auditing should be done. * Financial reporting to ASIC. 3. The name of software is arrow business software creators features are user experience with standard and dynamic menus dock able panels and seamless integration to Microsoft office application. * MYOB * Quick books Both these software are impressive at what they do. But both have similar strengths and weaknesses. But after being sophisticated in the accounts of business there can be few criticisms made in one of these products as for houzit. Quick books is not supported in Apple Macs, MYOB allows multiplication inventory where as quick books fades in this character. MYOB also allows multiple entities at a time but quick book does not. Hence, after looking at all this advantages and disadvantages, I’d recommend MYOB for Houzit. 4. Matching principle : the business that adopt matching principle can accurately evaluate their pin point financial performance and profitability for a certain time by cancelling the difference in the accounting entry timings. Account groups : assets, liabilities, owners equity, revenue and expenses makes up all of the statement of financial position and statement of financial performance. They show us the budgets and also the profit/ loss. Time period : to make a sound economic and financial decision we need time period. A business needs a timely decision in today’s world. The accounting period is the period of time over which 5. The implication of probity when revising and preparing budgets is financial probity. It involves insuring that there is full accountabilities with the funds management whether or not it is transaction related or in a form of an advice. It is also important that all of it is lawfully met as far as financial responsibility is concerned. 6. The dates are listed below: * Loan of $100000 on 31 dec * Advertisement budged increased by $70000 over 2010/11 * Salaries and wages rise $172500 in 2010/11 7. The items that are recommended for inclusion in budget sheets are listed below * Water bill * Transportation * Staff amenities * Office expenses 8. The modified internal controls that could improve risk management for the company are: * We need to follow rules and regulations * Also we have to apply and implement all the procedures * The time sheets and operating hours should be noted too Explanation: The reason for the past profit and losses could be the problem of the financial management software. As per the given care study, the software that has been used was not able to provide sufficient analysis of the generated revenue and the expenses which has made poor estimates about future profits and decision making. The growing of the customer base has helping loyalty sales and also new references of upcoming customers. This has reduced the advertisement cost. However the new software system is to be used to catch up for the company’s progression more efficiently. Mathematics: CGS = 16971237 – 7297632 = 963760 REFERENCES: www.wikipedia.org www.ato.gov.au www.asic.gov.au www.australia.gov.au www.moneysmart.gov.au

Gifted and Talented Education in the United States Essay

Abstract The purpose of this research is to find the best way for selecting and teaching gifted children for Gifted and Talented Education Programs in the United States. It explores who exactly are defined as â€Å"gifted students† and what their characteristics are like compared to regular students. Then it explains main ways of selecting and teaching them and listing pros and cons of each method. Finally it concludes that in order for Gifted and Talented Education in America to give full scope to gifted students’ ability, it is best to select children by using a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect and teach them in the method called cluster grouping. Introduction Although school districts in the United States recognize that gifted and talented students are children with unique advantage and excellence, state laws, local policies, and available funding vary widely in each state. Therefore each school has their own services and curriculum for gifted students and also there is uneven protection for gifted and talented students under the law. This holds back the progress of gifted students which means that the disparity of school districts is taking away the children’s capability, potential, and their future. Therefore, it is important to unify the selection method and the broad idea of how to teach gifted students. There are many ways of selecting and teaching them, but the best way to select children is to use a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect and teach them in the cluster grouping method because these are the most effective way to select and teach gifted students in order to cultivate unique their skills and expand the possibilities for their future. In this paper, it will define what Gifted and Talented Education Program and who gifted students are, and explain what kind of entrance exam for gifted education is the best. After that, according to the characteristics of gifted students, it will explore the best way of teaching them. Gifted and Talented Education Program Gifted and Talented Education is a broad term for â€Å"special practices, procedures and theories used to educate children who have been identified as gifted or talented†. National Association for Gifted Children, NAGC, estimates that approximately 6% of the student population is gifted and talented† (â€Å"National Association for Gifted Children†). The detailed aim of this education program differs from district to district, but the common aims that all school have are to develop students’ merits by following the lead of the gifted students since they have different speed of learning, most of the time faster, than regular students. Most of the decisions on gifted education are made at the state and local level. The Definition of Gifted Students There is no standard global definition for gifted students to this day. US Department of Education defines them as â€Å"children and youth with outstanding talent who perform or show the potential for performing at remarkably high levels of accomplishment when compared with others of their age, experience, or environment† (â€Å"US Department of Education†). However, there are many controversies among researchers over the definition of gifted students. In most school districts all over the United States, â€Å"students who generally score high scores on aptitude tests or on periodic examinations were offered a test to receive Gifted and Talented Education Program† (Maker and Nielson 5). However in this measurement, the students are selected based only on their general intelligence, which is a scholastic performance on coursework such as mathematical calculation capabilities and reading abilities in English. Therefore, in the past several years, the researchers have been challenging the theories and the definition of the gifted students. Some researchers say gifted students are children who are highly proficient based on triarchic theory of intelligence formulated by Sternberg. He discussed in his theory that intelligence consisted of three aspects. First is the analytic skill, such as ability to comprehend abstractly and evaluate information. Second is the synthetic skill or creativity, the ability to invent novel solutions or ideas. Third is practical skill, which enables people to cope with determinate situations. Also he proposed that intelligence involves distinct mental cognitive processes of three kinds: â€Å"(a) metacomponents, or executive processes needed for planning, monitoring, and evaluating problem solving; (b) knowledge-acquisition components, used to gather information necessary to solve problems; and (c) performance components, or processes needed to implement the commands issued by the metacomponents†(Sternberg 7). According to Sternberg, gifted students are not necessarily those who are good at processing general information but also students who are good communicating with people or who have more unique inspirations than others. Gardner defined intelligence as â€Å"the ability to solve problems of fashion products that are valued in at least one culture† (Gardner 4). In his research, it showed that there were at least seven different intelligences in people – linguistic, logical mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily kinesthetic, and intrapersonal. In this view, although it is true that students who score highly on standardized intelligence are somewhat gifted and talented, they are only adept in one aspect out of the many fields human being could be masterful. Gifted children are those who are adept in unique aspects. The Criteria for Determination of Gifted Students There are mainly three ways to test out students so that they can be identified as gifted and talented students: â€Å"a set of Otis Lennon School Ability Test and Stanford Achievement Test, WISC-IV, and a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect† (Porter, section 2). The set of Otis Lennon School Ability Test and Stanford Achievement Test, usually expects students to score 96 percent in at least one subject and score more than 86 percent in Otis–Lennon School Ability Test, OLSAT. The Stanford Achievement Test mainly measures basic academic skills. OLSAT is a test of abstract thinking and reasoning ability. â€Å"It is organized into five areas, and it includes an equal number of verbal and non-verbal items each area which are verbal comprehension, verbal reasoning, pictorial reasoning, figural reasoning, and quantitative reasoning† (â€Å"Otis-Lennon School Ability Test ®Ã¢â‚¬ ). This means that this measures students mostly students’ standard scholarship like standardized intelligence. WISC-IV shows IQ scores which shows essential information and critical clinical insights into a child’s cognitive functioning. However, theories and the results of experiments by Gardner and Sternberg imply that schools in the United States should not define giftedness only by general intelligence or on IQ test scores of students. In this view, although it is true that students who score highly on standardized intelligence are somewhat gifted and talented, they are only adept in one aspect out of the many fields human being could be masterful. Therefore, the two tests that were above-mentioned are not suitable to determine students as gifted and talented students since these focus mainly on basic academic achievements and not on other factors that students could be talented in. The set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect, this focuses many aspects that children could be talented in, like regular scholastic abilities, artistic creativity, and interpersonal relationships unlike two of the tests mentioned above. Therefore if this method is used as the entrance examination system to receive gifted and talented education, students who are in gifted education program would be able to get opportunities to blossom further by getting motivated and inspired by other talented children who are gifted in other aspects because this method allows to accept many different kinds of talented students in the education program. Hence it is best to unify the Criteria for Determination of Gifted Students to the set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect. Characteristics of Gifted Students and the Adequate Way to Teach Accordingly There are many characteristics that gifted students have which regular students do not. Gifted learners usually have â€Å"excellent memories and ability to understand concepts and principles quickly† (Maker 104). Some of the gifted students have extraordinary capacity to input information and strategies with incredible fast time and naturally without so much effort put into it. This means that they only need little practice in order to acquire knowledge. However, they still do need to learn how to use the knowledge they acquired by analyzing, synthesizing, and by evaluating. It goes without saying that they already have this type of strategy, but it is important to develop their merits even more to their full extent. Dewy explains that most gifted learners fit into at least one of the following aspects: â€Å"(a) extraordinary ability to communicate ideas and feelings through words, actions, symbols, sounds, or other media of expression; (b) outstanding ability to think things through and consider implications or alternatives; (c) goal-oriented thought; (d) abilities to use ideas, processes, or materials ingeniously; and (e) an unusual capacity for information acquisition and retrieval† (344). He also explains that these kind of students need â€Å"opportunities to express in some form that leads them to show their ideas, problem solutions, or conclusion and to make connections to previous knowledge or experience† (351). Opportunity for students to express what they have in their mind is important since learners can benefit from hearing, seeing, or reading how others analyzed their opinions because the method of expressing could be different from their own. Second reason is because others have a chance to analyze and evaluate their process and also their finished product of their thinking. Also, it is important because â€Å"students need to be aware of their own mental processes in order to learn to control them† (Clarke 118). Expressing is one of the best ways for gifted students to educate themselves and also get education from other peers in class. Group activities build leadership and characteristics of each student. Maker and Nielson states that â€Å"because of the high degree of participation and the rapid pace of most games, gifted students usually maintain their interest in group-process† (129). In most cases in an active group interaction, some kind of structure forms. For example, one is perceptive, responsive, and assertive to their opinions and feelings, one is seasoned listener and knits up discussion when needed, and one has sense of humor unifying the group with a warm atmosphere. One could even not be participating in a group interaction at all. In structured performance like this, students can extend their uniqueness and skills they have and also influence each other positively by interacting with each other. One who is not participating at all seems like student is giving a negative influence, but in a group of gifted students, others who are participating have possibility to improve communication competency by trying to cope with him. Group process activities can be just a simple group discussion, or simulated social situations, or even games that need trust, willingness to open them up, and develop ability to support the group process activities. Considering all the characteristics of the gifted student learners, the best way to teach is to use the method called the cluster grouping. Cluster grouping is â€Å"an educational process in which four to six gifted and talented (GT) and/or high achieving students are assigned to an otherwise heterogeneous classroom within their grade to be instructed by a teacher that has had specialized training in differentiating for gifted learners† (Winebrenner 177). Clustering is not simply putting all the academiclly accelerated students into one classroom to study like other methods such as pull-outs, compacting, and enrichment which U.S. Government reported that these methods are generally unsuccessful in 1993. In cluster grouping, talented students are able to receive the place to express themselves to others in their individual way, develop their ability to use the knowledge they have acquired by analyzing, synthesizing, and by evaluating, and group activities. Schuler emphasizes that â€Å"through cluster grouping the intellectual, social, and emotional needs of the gifted students can be addressed† (section 4). There are many cleasr evidence that shows the advantages in cluster grouping. According to one survey, advantages include: â€Å"cost effectiveness, high challenge and expectations of students, faster progression through curricula, administrative ease in observation of services, increased understanding of GT students, and an improved opportunity to address the psychological needs of the GT students† (Rogers 249). Other research has shown â€Å"a 99% positive approval rating among parents of clustered children and a 90% positive approval rating among the children themselves.† (Rogers 226). Therefore, it is clear that cluster grouping is a successful method to teach gifted students. Conclusion There is clear evidence and reasonings that cluster grouping method and the set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect for selective examination are the most effective and efficient way to use gifted education in America. However, there are still many questions and problems unsolved even though the gifted and talented education in the United States started more than 100 years ago. One of the reasons is because that there are only few researchers who collect numerical data of gifted children. Many researchers most of the time only come up with new method of teaching or selecting gifted students but they do not publish clear evidence why they are successful. United States is in need of furthur research and experiments on gifted education and gifted students for the success of the future children and for the future of the United States. Clarke, John. Patterns of thinking: Integrating learning skills in content teaching. Columbus, OH: Merrill, 1986. Dewey, John. The child and the curriculum and the school and society. Chicago, IL: University of Chiago Press, 1956 Gardner, Howard. Five Forms of Creativie Activity: A Developmental Perspective. Dayton, OH: Ohio Psychology Press, 1994 Maker, C. June and Aleene B. Nielson. Curriculum Development and Teaching Strategies for Gifted Learners. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro ed, 1995 Rogers, Karen. Re-forming Gifted Education. Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2002 Schuler, Patricia. Cluster Grouping Coast to Coast, Neag Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development. Danbury, CT: University of Connecticut, 2005 Sternberg, Robert. Conceptions of giftedness. New York, NY: Cambridge University Express, 1986 Winebrenner, Susan. Teaching Gifted Kids in the Regular Classroom. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Publishing, 2001 â€Å"Gifted and Talented Students† U.S. Department of Education. < http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg72.html>. â€Å"What is Gifted† National Association for Gifted Children. < http://nagc.org/WhatisGiftedness.aspx >. â€Å"America no Gifted Education no Kyouiku Jijyou† Washington State University. 2 November. 2011. < http://www.blog.crn.or.jp/report/02/130.html >.

Cell Phone Radiation

My purpose is to provide information on cell phone radiation, the risks that can be caused by cell phone radiation, and the potential health problems that could result from this. Details of the topic: I am going to talk about the arguments about how cell phone radiation can affect our lives and whether these arguments are accurate or not. Cell phone radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that has the ability to cause health issues. The radiation from this device can cause serious brain tumours, according to one study by Anna Lahkola of the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland, which found that people who use their cell phone for more than 2000 hours have a higher chance of getting a brain tumour. The chance of getting a brain tumour increased from 40 to 270 percent and most of the users that might experience this side effect would be teenagers to people in their twenties. This is because it is people in this age group who are most likely to use cell phones/smart phones and they are also most likely to use the phones most frequently. There are several other health issues or risks out there that are linked to the usage of cell phones such cancer, headaches, Alzheimer’s disease, fatigue and Parkinson’s disease. But it still has not been proved with 100 percent accuracy because so far every scientist is getting different results. There is no consensus among scientists about the risks that associated with cell phone/smart phone radiation. A famous neurosurgeon Vini Khurana argued that if you use a cell phone for more than ten years you are very likely to get brain cancer. His conclusion seems more believable because he did a long study about this and he mentions that other scientists have only done short term research on this matter. He states that a brain tumour can take up to 10 years to develop, so studies on the effect of cell phone/smart phone radiation should last at least that long or longer. However, most scientists do not do studies that last long enough in his opinion. Relevance: A while back group 11 did their presentation on â€Å"the history of radiation†, where they discussed the two types of radiation, ionizing and non-ionizing. Cell phones/smart phones would be in the non-ionizing category because they use a low to mid frequency. In this diagram you can see the frequency for cell phones/smart phones is in the range from 0 to 10 in hertz (Hz). Furthermore the group also mentioned that, even though the frequency for non-ionizing radiation is less dangerous, it is still possible to have side effects that may affect to our personal lives. There was a class where at the end we had a very brief discussion about radiation from electronics and the topic of cell phones/smart phones was brought up by few students when they were asked about their opinion or personal experience. Some side effects they mentioned from using their cell phones/smart phones constantly were having problems falling asleep along with minor headaches. Reflection: This voluntary assignment helps me because it provides some very interesting facts and debates about the side effects of cell phone/smart phone radiation. In this course we have covered many different kinds of radiation, but we have not talked a lot about the radiation from technology. We presume this kind of radiation is too low to have serious effects on us. However, I remember that I actually had some problems when I used my IPhone (smart phone) two years ago. For instance, I started out with a headache that turned into a very serious migraine and lasted for one week. I’m not sure if it is because I had just got my first phone and so I was using it a lot, but after doing this research into cell phone/smart phone radiation. I’m starting to think that this might be the problem that causes my headaches and migraines. Just recently when I moved to my new apartment, because I didn’t have a small table next to my bed, I put the phone under my pillow for about one month and I was getting frequent headaches. So I believe in headaches as a potential side effect of cell phone/smart phone radiation. In fact, I’m a little bit worried about brain tumours, even though most research and debates are not official. However what I have experienced makes it seem like the potential side effects could be true. Our use of technology is growing and we take technology for granted, so that we very rarely stop to consider the radiation that is associated with our technology. This is something I think we should know more about, even if the risks are minimal. Conclusion: Because of doing this assignment, I have found out that there’s a lot of debate about the risks that are associated with cell phone/smart phone radiation. Even though most scientists believe there are few to no risks from this type of radiation, I believe this issue hasn’t been studied enough for us to determine what the real risks are. However I intend to be more careful from now in how I use my phone. I definitely won’t be sleeping with my phone under my pillow anymore. References http://www.naturalnews.com/021634_mobile_phones_brain_tumors.html http://www.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone-radiation2.htm Cell Phone Radiation The radiation protection to be practiced > cell phone radiation During normal use, over half of the radiation transmitted by your mobile phone is absorbed by your head or body. Around 80% of the phone's microwave emissions are absorbed by the head. Only shielding or distance to the phone can reduce their severe impact. The United Nations World Health Organization has classified mobile phone radiation as possibly cancer causing and advise that it is important for mobile phone users to minimize exposure by utilizing hands free devices or texting. Always use speakerphone or proven radiation safety accessories.Steps that should be take to reduce cell phone radiation : > use the speakerphone because the cell phone radiation drops exponentially by distance, so, the further away the phone is from your head the better. > limit the use to essential calls and keep calls short because even a two minute call has been found to alter the natural electrical activity of the brain for up to an hour a fter-wards. > children should not be allowed to use the cell phone, except in emergencies because their skulls are still developing and the radiation can penetrate much more deeply. use an air tube headset (not regular wired headset) because research has shown that regular wired headset could transmit radiation into the ear canal. > do not put cell phone in your pocket or belt while in use or while it is on because men who wear cell phones near their groin could have their sperms count dropped by as much as 30%. > if using phone without a headset, wait for the call to connect before placing phones next to the ear because radiation level is higher while phone is still trying to make a connection. Most cell phones emit the most adiation when they first connect with the cell tower. > do not use the cell phones in enclosed metal spaces such as vehicles or elevators because phones need more power to make connection. The metal enclosure also traps the radiation and reflects it back at the occupants. > do not make a call when the signal strength is one bar or less because the phone must work harder to establish a connection and thus emits more radiation. > buy a phone with low radiation rating because the phone's SAR ( Specific Absorption Rate ) can be found in manual.The lower the SAR value from the FCC limit of 1. 6 W/kg , the better. > use scientifically proven cell phone radiation reducing or protection device. > Keep Your Distance because the intensity of cell phone radiation diminishes quickly as your distance from your cell phone increases, and every millimeter counts. You can protect yourself from the effects of cell phone radiation by holding your cell phone away from your body and use a wireless Bluetooth headset or earpiece, which emit radiation at far lower levels than cell phones.Other than that, you can carry your cell phone away from your body – in a purse, briefcase or computer bag – not in your pocket where it is pressed up against you. > Try Texting, Not Talking – When you send a text message from your cell phone, you hold your phone away from your body, and far away from your head, which reduces your exposure to radiation. > Find a Strong Signal and Stay Put -When your cell phone has a weak signal, it has to work harder to transmit and receive, and that equals higher bursts of radiation.You face the same problem when you are moving quickly – riding in a car, bus or train, for example – because your cell phone is forced to repeatedly emit new bursts of radiation as it connects to different cell towers along your route. > Use the Toggle Method – you can reduce your radiation exposure by holding the phone away from your ear when you are talking and only bringing it close to listen. Using a headset or speaker mode is still the better option, but the toggle method can cut the amount of radiation your brain and body absorbs.

Managing Diabetes in a Patient with Enduring Mental Health

DIABETES; A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH 2486 WORDS CONTENTS CONTENTSPAGE1 INTRODUCTIONPAGE2 DISCUSSIONPAGE2 CONCLUSIONPAGE8 REFERENCESPAGE9 ARTICLES ACCESSED ONLINEPAGE12 APPENDIX 1SCENARIOPAGE13 APPENDIX 2 ‘EATWELL PLATE’PAGE14 Introduction Lavinia had suffered a relapse in her mental health and had been using illicit drugs and alcohol to combat the disturbing positive symptoms of her illness and had stopped taking any of her prescribed medications.The nursing assessment indicated that the first issue to deal with was her chaotic behaviour and once that was under control a series of therapeutic interventions could be put in place to aid her recovery. Initially her chaotic presentation and challenging behaviours (Beer et al, 2005; Xeniditis et al, 2001) made it difficult to engage with her with in a therapeutic way and she resisted staff’s attempts to help her. The decision was made to manage her using intramuscular injections (IM) of an anxiolytic that necessitated usi ng physical restraint in order to administer the IM.The first few days were not pleasant for Lavinia due to staff needing to restrain and inject her in order to manage her challenging behaviours but her chaotic behaviour did resolve over time and she became more accepting of staff interventions. Lavinia’s named nurse engaged with her and spent time ‘counselling’ her and a series of therapeutic interventions were agreed. Mental health nurses are specialists in caring for people with mental health problems and it has been identified that they have deficits in their knowledge of diabetes (Nash, 2009).This was the case in caring for Lavinia at the time. Little emphasis was placed on the importance of managing her diabetes because staff were not aware of the implications of poor diabetes management. Discussion In the United Kingdom mental illness is by far the largest single source of burden of disease. There is no other illness or disease in the combined extent of pe rsistence, prevalence and breadth that impacts on the person more (Friedli and Parsonage, 2007).There is an inextricable link between poor mental health and an increased risk of physical illness, increased health risk behaviour, deprivation, poor educational achievement, substance misuse (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, (NICE) 2009). Managing mental illness carries the single largest cost to the National Health Service (NHS) coming in at ? 10. 4 billion (Department of Health, 2012). Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that can have a debilitating effect on many aspects of a person’s life including perceptions, thinking, language, emotions, social, behaviour.The positive symptoms of schizophrenia can include hallucinations of any senses, delusions, disorganized thought processes, causing the person to lose contact with reality. Diabetes is a serious condition that can have a debilitating effect on the person. It can cause kidney failure, blindness, hea rt disease, stroke, psychosocial problems, if left untreated (NICE, 2008). The United Kingdom is facing a significant increase in the number of people diagnosed with diabetes. In the past 16 years the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has increased from 1. million to 2. 9 million cases and it is estimated that this figure will continue to increase as the number of older people and overweight/obese people increase (Diabetes in the UK, April 2012). Diabetes mellitus is a condition whereby the body is unable to properly use the glucose it produces because of either lack of or resistance to the hormone insulin. There are two main types of diabetes; type 1 & type 2. Insulin is needed to enable the glucose to pass from the blood and enter the cells of the body where it is stored.Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body (pancreas) is unable to produce its own insulin (an autoimmune disease) and the person needs to have regular daily injections of insulin to counter this. Type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 10% of all people with diabetes (Diabetes in the UK, April 2012). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a condition whereby the body either does not produce sufficient insulin or that the person is insulin resistant. It can be treated with medication alone or medication and insulin.Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90% of all people with diabetes (Diabetes in the UK, April 2012). It is known that type 2 diabetes mellitus has an increased prevalence in people with schizophrenia compared to the the general population (Schoepf et al, 2011). Further, the treatment for schizophrenia is typically with antipsychotic medication and it is now clear that some antipsychotics elevate the risk of developing diabetes and weight gain (iatrogenic effect) though just why this happens is not fully understood (Dixon et al. 000). Lavinia suffers from schizophrenia, is obese, takes antipsychotics, and suffers from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is potentially a life threatening con dition. Blood glucose levels below 3. 5mmol/l are too low for the brain to function; this is hypoglycaemia. The signs of hypoglycaemia are similar to a person experiencing psychoses, e. g. aggression, disorientation, changed behaviour. It would have been imperative that nursing staff should have made it a priority that Lavinia’s blood glucose levels were monitored.Lavinia could have been experiencing a hypoglycaemic state when in fact nurses might have mistaken this for challenging behaviour. Lavinia’s blood glucose levels might have been above the recommended guidelines (>8mmol/l) which is hyperglycaemia and the nurses would need to have an understanding of the potential elevated blood glucose levels can have, e. g. damage to the micro and macro vascular system leading to blindness, increased risk of heart attack, increased risk of stroke, diabetic ketoacidosis.Not having sufficient knowledge of diabetes while at the same time caring for someone with diabetes and not acting compromises the nurse’s professional obligations (Nursing and Midwifery Council, NMC, 2002) and the NMC or the courts would have no reluctance in pursuing this should it become an issue (Kane Gorny, 2009). Any nurse who cares for a person needs to be competent. Roach (1992) defines competence as, â€Å"the state of having the knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience and motivation required to respond dequately to the demands of one’s professional responsibilities†. The nurses caring for Lavinia would therefore be duty bound to refer her to a diabetes nurse/Dr. According to the NICE (2008) recommendations it is vital that people with diabetes receive an annual check up including; blood pressure; feet check; smoking status; urinary albumin test (or protein test to measure kidney function); serum creatinine test; retinopathy screen; cholesterol levels; weight and BMI measurements; HbA1c– blood glucose levels.Lavinia may have had these checks ca rried out within the last 12 months but due to her chaotic lifestyle over the past few months her results might differ significantly thus during this admission it would be an opportune time to have these checks carried out. Hypertension can have devastating effects on the person whether they have diabetes or not, e. g. increased risk of stroke, cardiac disease, renal failure. Research by Diabetes UK (2012) found that little more than 50% of people with diabetes were meeting their blood pressure targets which they recommend should be 130/80.The importance of good foot care in diabetes cannot be overstated. Poor foot care can lead to ulceration and ill health, gangrene and even amputation. Diabetes UK state that up to 80% of amputations annually in England are avoidable. The risks that smoking presents are well documented, e. g. heart disease, stroke, vascular complications, amputation. A person with diabetes is pre disposed to certain illnesses and should he/she decide to smoke then their health risk profile increases considerably by multiplying the potential deleterious effects.Blood tests can identify potential or actual renal failure. Diabetes causes harm to the micro vascular system which includes the very tiny vessels in the retina of the eye. If this is not addressed it can lead to blindness and Diabetes UK recommend an annual eye screen. High cholesterol levels are serious whether the person has diabetes or not and can lead to heart disease, circulatory complications, stroke, fatty liver. Abnormal levels of cholesterol can cause insulin resistance.Type 2 diabetes is one of the most serious consequences associated with being obese or overweight. Over the past 25 years the number of people in England who are classed as obese has doubled and it is anticipated by the year 2050 obesity will affect 60% of adult men, 50% of adult women, and 25% of children (Foresight, 2007). The blood glucose levels – HbA1c – is an indicator for risk of damage to blood vessels. NICE (2008) recommend an HBA1c level of between 6. 5% and 7. 5% would be the goal for people with diabetes.For people with type 2 diabetes, effective blood glucose control can reduce the risk of diabetic eye disease by 25% and kidney damage by 33% (UK prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). It is clear that management of diabetes can be a challenging role and a multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage it as effectively as it can be managed. Multidisciplinary teamwork is important in any care giving role (Liberman et al, 2001). The most important person in the multidisciplinary team is Lavinia. She is the person who has the most control and needs to manage her diabetes on a daily basis.For Lavinia there are two issues; managing schizophrenia and managing diabetes. Using a depot antipsychotic in preference to oral medication would help Lavinia because a nurse would administer it weekly thus reducing the risk of relapse. NICE guidelines (2009) advise that people with s chizophrenia should be offered access to psychological therapies including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and/or family therapy. If Lavinia did benefit from psychological interventions it might reduce her reliance on medication thus reducing side effects.In order to manage her diabetes Lavinia should have access to a team of professionals including diabetic nurses; podiatry; Dr’s; ophthalmology; dietician; pharmacist; physiotherapist; counsellor. An assessment for management of diabetes should be holistic (Dunning, 2009 pgs. 36 – 49) and appropriate to a person’s lifestyle. For Lavinia this means sitting down with a specialist diabetic nurse and having a complete assessment of her lifestyle and her understanding of how it interacts with her diabetes. She needs to fully understand the importance of good glucose control and the consequences of poor control.She might already have experienced hypoglycaemic attacks but been unaware of what they were/are, i. e. c ould be confused with positive effects of schizophrenia. As a starting point it would be appropriate to ensure she knows how to test her blood glucose levels, which is one of the NICE (2008) guidelines, and how to interpret the result. She needs to be aware of the relationship between food intake, physical activity and medication understanding how managing these can help her maintain appropriate blood glucose levels. Diet is known as the cornerstone of management in type 2 diabetes.An appropriate diet will help control blood glucose levels, maintain an appropriate weight/body mass index, and prevention of complications. Lavinia is obese which is possibly due to the combination of antipsychotic medications she takes for schizophrenia and her lifestyle. An assessment by a dietician or specialist diabetic nurse into her eating habits would help to identify any areas she would benefit from by making changes to her diet. The ‘Eatwell Plate’ (Department of Health, 2011) offer s a model for healthy eating in the United Kingdom (see appendix 2).It gives good visual, easy to understand, guidance on the balance/proportion and types of food that contribute to a healthy diet. Lavinia would benefit from an assessment with the physiotherapists to determine her level of fitness and areas that could be worked on in order to improve her fitness with a view to losing weight. Exercise can reduce the risk of major illnesses e. g. heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer by up to 50% (National Health Service, 2012). However, the benefits of exercise on glycaemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes is not clear (Boule’ et al, 2001).The potentially damaging effects that diabetes can have on a person are well known and documented (e. g. UK prospective Diabetes Study, 1977 thru 1997 (UKPDS). The damaging effects of poor blood glucose control are not always immediately observable and consequently people with diabetes do not always fully appreciate the importan ce of controlling their blood glucose levels (see Mail Online, 2010). The reality of diabetes care is self management and effective self management delays the onset of complications. Lavinia needs to understand how the lifestyle choices she makes, e. . level and frequency of physical activity, what and when she eats, managing her mental health, are all major factors in controlling her diabetes. Because the damaging consequences of not managing diabetes are not immediately obvious the impetus to manage it is not always paramount (Diabetes UK, 2012). It might be enough that Lavinia understands these factors and therefore takes action to manage her condition. If not, she would need support to help her change her behaviour/lifestyle in order to manage her diabetes. There are several models of behavioural change, e. g. ealth belief model (Becker, 1974); theory of reasoned action (Fishbein and Atzen, 1975); social learning theory (Bandura, 1977). Motivational interviewing (MI) (Rollnick a nd Miller, 1995) is a model that is used to bring about behavioural change and has been shown to be effective in bringing about change in a range of healthcare settings including diabetes care, e. g. VanWormer et al (2004); Clark and Hampson (2001); Kim et al (2004). The aim of MI is to bring about discrepancy in the persons beliefs and thoughts by bringing about a state of cognitive dissonance, i. e. he difference between where the person is currently and where they want to be in future and setting small goals to achieve. Thus, Lavinia has full knowledge of the damaging effects diabetes can have and in future she would like to get married and have children. To have children she needs to be as ‘healthy’ as she can be and therefore she will be self motivated to resolve the dissonance she experiences. Used in combination with Prochaska and DiClemente’s model, stages of change (1983) and Egan’s (1998) skilled helper model of problem management could work to g ood effect for Lavinia in bringing about a change.Conclusion The link between poor mental health and poorer outcomes for physical illness, increased health risk behaviour, deprivation, educational achievement, substance misuse is well known (NICE, 2009). Diabetes is potentially a life threatening condition; Lavinia has schizophrenia and diabetes. Her poor mental health could be supporting the deleterious effects of her diabetes. Not having sufficient knowledge of diabetes while at the same time caring for someone with diabetes and not addressing it compromises the nurse’s professional obligations (NMC, 2002).Lavinia needs support from both the mental health and diabetes services. She needs to have a good understanding of the interplay between the diabetes and mental health. She needs to have insight into potential relapse signatures to her mental health so that she can get help as early as possible. A diabetes counsellor could help Lavinia make lifestyle changes by engaging h er in a course of motivational interviews (Rollnick and Miller, 1995) in combination with Prochaska and DiClemente’s model, stages of change (1984) and Egan’s (1998) skilled helper model of problem management. ReferencesBandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Becker, M. H. , ed. (1974). The Health Belief Model and Personal Health Behavior. Health Education Monographs, Vol. 2 32473. Beer, D. Turk, V. McGovern, P. et al, (2005), Characteristics of patients exhibiting severe challenging behaviour in low secure mental health and mild learning disabilities units. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care, Vol. 1, pp 29-35. Boule’, N. G. Haddad, E. Kenny, G. P. Wells, G. A. Sigal, R. J. , (2001). Effects of Exercise on Glycemic Control and Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.A Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials. JAMA, Volume 286, No. 10, pgs 1218 – 1237. Clark, M. Hampson, S. E. Avery, L. Simpson, R. (2004), Effec ts of a Tailored Lifestyle Self-management Intervention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. British Journal of Health Psychology , Vol. 9, 365–379. Dixon, L. Weiden, P. Delahanty, J. , (2000) Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 26, pp 903–12. Dunning, T. (2009) Care of People with Diabetes, A Manual of Nursing practice, 3rd edition, Wiley Blackwell, pp. 36 – 49.Eatwell Plate, (2011), Department of Health in association with the Welsh Government, the Scottish Government and the Food Standards Agency in Northern Ireland. Egan, G. (1998), The skilled helper, a problem-management approach to helping. Brookes/Cole, CA. Fishbein, M. Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Foresight (2007), Tackling obesities: Future choices – Modelling Future Trends in Obesity & their Impact on Health. 2nd edition, Government Of fice for Science. Kim, C. J. Hwang, A. R. Yoo, J. S. , (2004).The impact of a stage matched intervention to promote exercise behaviour in participants with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Health Promotion, 41, 833-841. Kirk, A. F. Higgins, L. A. , Hughes, A. R. , Fisher, B. M. Mutrie, N. , Hillis, S. , et al. (2001). A randomized, controlled trial to study the effect of exercise consultation on the promotion of physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. Diabetic Medicine, Vol. 18, pp 877-882. Lean, M. E. Pajonk, F. G. (2003), Patients on atypical antipsychotic drugs: another high-risk group for type 2 diabetes: response to Hardy and Breier [letter].Diabetes Care, Vol. 26, pp 3202-3203. Liberman, R. P. Hilty, D. M. Drake, R. E. et al, (2001), Multidisciplinary Roles in the 21st Century; Requirements for Multidisciplinary Teamwork in Psychiatric Rehabilitation. Psychiatric Services, doi: 10, 1176/appi. ps. 52. 10. 1331. Nash, M. (2009), Mental Health Nu rses’ Diabetes Care Skills. British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 18, No 10, pp 626-630. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2008), Type 2 Diabetes: The Management of Type 2 Diabetes. NICE Clinical Guideline 66. Developed by the national Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions.Mental Health Act (1983) Code of Practice, (2001), 7th edition, Department of Health and Welsh Office under licence from the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2009), Depression in Adults with a Chronic Physical Health Problem: Treatment and Management. NICE clinical guideline 91. Developed by The National Collaborating centre for Mental Health. Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Professional Conduct (2002): Standards for Conduct, Performance and Ethics. Nursing and Midwifery Council. Prochaska, J.O. DiClemente, C. C. (1983) Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. Journal Consult Clinical Psychology, June; 51(3):390–5. Roach, M. S. , (1992), The Human Act of Caring; A Blueprint for the Health Professions, 2nd Edn. Canadian Hospital Association Press, Ottawa. Cited in, An Integrated Career and Competency Framework for Diabetes Nursing, (2001) 3rd Edn. TREND, pg. 4. Published by SB Communications Group. Rollnick S, & Miller, W. R. (1995). What is motivational interviewing? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol. 3, 325-334. Schoepf, D. Potluri, R. Uppal H. et al (2012), Type-2 diabetes mellitus in schizophrenia: increased prevalence and major risk factor of excess mortality in a naturalistic 7-year follow-up. EUR. Psychiatry, Vol. 1, pp 33-42. VanWormer, J. J. Boucher, J. L. (2004), Motivational interviewing and diet modification: a review of the evidence. The Diabetes Educator, 30 (3): 404-416. Xeniditis, K. Russell, A. Murphy, D. (2001), Management of people with challenging behaviours. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, Vol. 7, pp109-116. Articles accessed onlineDepartment of Health (2010) Programme Budgeting Tools and Data. Available online and accessed July 2012 at: http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/Managingyourorganisation/Financeandplanning/Programmebudgeting/DH_075743). Diabetes UK. Available and accessed online in July 2012 at: http://www. diabetes. org. uk/About_us/News_Landing_Page/Half-of-people-with-diabetes-have-high-blood-pressure/ http://www. diabetes. org. uk/Get_involved/Campaigning/Putting-feet-first/? gclid=CPyGnpCyo7ECFcVkfAodWzK1zg http://www. diabetes. org. uk/Guide-to-diabetes/Complications/Retinopathy/? clid=CJjF7q63o7ECFYzbfAodghophw Friedli, L. Parsonage M. (2007), Mental Health Promotion: Building the Economic Case. Northern Ireland Association for Mental Health. Available online and accessed July 2012: http://www. chex. org. uk/media/resources/mental_health/Mental%20Health%20Promotion%20-%20Building%20an%20Economic%20Case. pdf Mail online. Available and accessed in July 2012 at: http:// www. dailymail. co. uk/health/article-1309609/The-cruel-cost-ignoring-diabetes-Jane-lost-arm-legs-disease-like-didnt-seriously. html NHS Choices.Accessed online in July 2012 and available at: http://www. nhs. uk/Livewell/fitness/Pages/Whybeactive. aspx UK prospective Diabetes Study (1977-1997). Available and accessed online in July 2012 at: http://www. dtu. ox. ac. uk/ukpds_trial/index. php Appendix 1 Scenario Lavinia (pseudonym) is a 25 year old female with a history of schizophrenia stretching back to her late teens. She has been placed on a section of the Mental Health Act (MHA, 1983) and detained on a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) due to her presenting with chaotic behaviour posing a threat to